The Prussian concept for the defence of Torun was based on the building of massive forts with artillery batteries a few kilometres from the city centre. Planning of the fortress began in 1872 and, over a period of 37 years about 200 large defensive structures were built here, which included 7 main forts, 6 medium-sized forts, 6 artillery batteries, 32 large infantry shelters and 52 other shelters with batteries and ammunition. The forts were distributed around the entire city. To this day the layout of the fort system is clearly visible and can be regarded as one of the largest in Europe.

Most of the structures have been preserved in a relatively good condition and are now monuments to the art of war, some of which are open to the public. They are also connected by a circular hiking tourist trail some 44km long and marked in black. The most attractive forts and other military installations can be found on this route.

Of note is Fort IV Stanislaw Zolkiewski, a good example of how tourism benefits from this type of facility. It houses a museum with an exhibition of militaria and is also a year-round refuge with 100 beds and also providing meals and organising tourist events.

Fortress Torun (woj. Kujawsko-Pomorskie)

www.torun.pl