The original wooden Church in Targowiska was built in 1461, founded by Piotr Smolicki, the Castlelan of Sanok. In the sixteenth century, the temple turned into a Calvinist Church. Since 1600 it was used again by the Catholics.
The present Church was built in 1736-1740 by the efforts of Antoni Baranowski, the stolnik of Dobrzyn. The temple was consecrated in 1746 by the Bishop of Przemysl, Wacław Hieronim Sierakowski. The wood used for the construction was taken from the demolition of an old temple, as evidenced among others by the signs of late medieval crosses (zacheusze) visible on the walls of the current building. In the nineteenth century, the Church was expanded: in 1873 to the southern wall of the nave there was a chapel added of the Heart of Jesus, in 1895, the nave was extended westwards. In 1962, the free-standing wooden bell tower was burned. It was replaced with a brick bell tower. In the years 1980-1985 a complete rebuilding of the Church took place. This work led to a significant transformation of the building, and the violation of its original character.